Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığında Omega-3 Yağ Asidinden Zengin Diyetin İnflamasyon, Solunum Fonksiyonu Ve Yaşam Kalite Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi

Sinem Bayram, Gül Kızıltan

Özet


Amaç: Bu çalışma, KOAH hastalarında omega-3 yağ asidinden zengin diyetin, inflamasyon, solunum fonksiyonu ve yaşam kalite düzeyleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Gereç ve yöntem: Tanı konulmuş herhangi bir sistemik hastalığı olmayan, evre 4’de olmayan, 40-65 yaşları arasında stabil dönemdeki 21 erkek KOAH hastası çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların kişisel ve hastalık bilgileri anket formu, beslenme durumları ise besin tüketim sıklığı formu ve 3 günlük besin tüketim kaydı ile belirlenmiştir. Yaşam kalite düzeyleri SF-36 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği, egzersiz performansları 6 Dakika Yürüme Testi, dispne durumları BORG skalası, solunum fonksiyon testleri spirometri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların antropometrik ölçümleri alınmış, bazı biyokimyasal parametreleri analiz edilmiştir. Bireysel diyet planlanmış ve omega-3 yağ asitlerinin arttırılması amacıyla 180 mg EPA, 120 mg DHA içeren balık yağı tableti sağlanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hastaların tedavi sonrası fiziksel fonksiyon, fiziksel rol güçlüğü, vitalite, ağrı, fiziksel komponent skoru ve mental komponent skorlarının arttığı bulunmuştur(p<0.05). Hastaların spirometri sonuçları çalışma süresince değişmemekle birlikte, BORG dispne skalası skorları diyet tedavisi sonrası düşmüştür (p<0.05). Çalışma sonunda hastaların daha fazla yürüyebildiği saptanmıştır(p<0.05). Tedavi sonrası plazma yüksek sensitiviteli C-reaktif protein düzeylerinin düştüğü ancak farkın istatistiksel açıdan önemli olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Plazma trigliserid düzeylerinin başlangıca (141.9±64.81 mg/dl) göre tedavi sonrası (126.8±74.83 mg/dl) düştüğü belirlenmiştir. Diyet tedavisi öncesi ve sonrası omega-3’ü yeterli tüketen hastaların yetersiz tüketenlere göre CRP düzey ortalamaları daha düşük bulunmuştur (p>0.05). Sonuç: Omega 3'ten zengin diyetin hastaların yaşam kalitelerini arttırdığı ve dispne skorlarını azalttığı saptanmış olup inflamasyon ve solunum fonksiyonlarına etkisi gözlenmemiştir. KOAH tedavisinde bireyselleştirilmiş diyet planlanması ve multidisipliner ekip çalışmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.


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