Gestasyonel Diyabet ve Risk Faktörleri

Elif Melek Avci Dursun, Gül Kızıltan

Özet


GDM Gestasyonel diyabet mellitus (GDM), gebeliğin ikinci veya üçüncü trimesterinde görülen diyabet tanısıdır. GDM prevalansı tüm dünyada, gebeliklerin % 1 ila 14'ü arasında görülmektedir.  Ülkemizde yapılan çalışmalar GDM prevalansının %2,6–27,9 arasında değiştiğini göstermektedir. GDM anne ve bebekte çeşitli komplikasyonlara makrozomi, doğum yaralanmaları, sezaryen, hidramniyöz, preeklampsi, yenidoğanda metabolik bozukluklar, doğum sonrası Tip 2 DM gelişimine yol açmaktadır. GDM için belirlenmiş risk faktörleri beden kütle indeksinin 25 ve üzeri olması ( BKİ > 25 kg / m2),  sedanter yaşam, ailede diyabet öyküsü, ırk / etnik köken, makrozomik bebek doğum öyküsü ( 4 kg ve üzeri), glikozile hemoglobinin 5.7 ve üzerinde olması (A1c > 5.7) ve diyetsel faktörler (doymuş yağ, hayvansal protein, ilenmiş ürünler vb) oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ile GDM riskinin %60 azaltılabileceğini  göstermektedir. Yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri beslenme ve egzersiz müdahalelerini içerir. Bu derlemenin amacı GDM gelişimine neden olan risk faktörlerini ve alınabilecek önlemleri tartışmaktır.


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