MATERNAL BESLENMENİN EPİGENETİK MEKANİZMALAR ÜZERİNDEN İNFANT SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ

Ebru Şurgun

Özet


Epigenetik, DNA dizisine yansımamış fakat kalıtımsal olarak aktarılan değişimleri inceleyen bilim dalıdır. Günümüzde bilim insanları, insanın gen haritasını çıkardıkları halde henüz epigenetik mekanizmaları tam olarak anlayabilmiş değillerdir. Bu mekanizmalar diyet faktörü de dahil olmak üzere birçok çevresel etmenden etkilenmektedir. Günümüzde, epigenetik mekanizmalar aracılığıyla değişen gen ifadelerinin obeziteden metabolik hastalıklara kadar birçok sağlık sorununa yatkınlık yarattığı düşünülmektedir. Maternal beslenmenin infant sağlığı üzerine direkt etkileri mevcuttur. Gebelik süresince ve doğum sonrası emzirme döneminde annenin diyetinin, özellikle takviye edici ajan kullanımının, bebeğin epigenetik değişiklikleri üzerine etkileri yapılan çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. Bu epigenetik değişiklikler DNA metilasyonu, histon modifikasyonu, RNA temelli modifikasyonlar yoluyla gerçekleşmektedir. Bu derleme, infant epigenetik kodlanmasında maternal beslenmenin önemi üzerine odaklanmıştır. Çevresel faktörlerin epigenetik değişikliklere etkisi ve maternal besin öğesi gereksinimleri incelenmiş, güncel çalışma bulguları ile bu konu desteklenmiştir.


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